“DIABETES AUTONOMY DISRUPTION AND MANAGING HOMEOSTASIS” - “A PERSPECTIVE ANALYSIS”

Low sugar intake increases hunger for sweet foods and food supplements, regular exercise increases appetite and increases need of glucose of muscles tissues, and following strict guidelines increases victim’s indulgence to more carbohydrates, proteins and fats intake.

 

There should be alternate replacement of water melon and salad diet in more handsome amount with programmed macros intake.

 

Intaking sugar resistant medicine in a regular basis couples with change in exercise, nutrition and life style modules and gives better results.

 

Most importantly, intaking cholesterol resistant medicine is must as more cholesterol will be released from liver for homeostasis which will speed up glucose indulgence to blood stream. Also, more load is been imposed to muscles tissues to intake more glucose through medication, exercise and precautionary measures. The organs and organs systems also realize more load in their functioning.

 

So imbalance in homeostasis is one and only cause for high blood glucose levels not going down even we exercise regularly, take balanced diet, intake medicines regularly, and follow strict life style. So maintenance of overall homeostasis with regular exercises, programmed diet, programmed life style activities and following self-precautionary measures is one and only way to control diabetes.

 

Other homeostasis like fats and lipids profile and metabolism, insulin resistance metabolism, protein synthesis metabolism, carbohydrates metabolism, sleeping mechanism, etc. should be maintained for overall homeostasis.

 

Regular medications only retard normal flow of glucose from food we intake to blood stream. They can control and stop blood glucose level to a point not to go abruptly to blood stream but cannot make blood glucose levels go down with time.

 

When we stop exercising, our food macros and intake levels, feeding habits and patterns will be scrutinized. This will lead medication inefficiency and our blood glucose levels will go up.

 

More carbohydrates, proteins, oils and fats intake will give extra load to liver causing more cholesterol release , more load to muscles tissues and more load to organs and organs systems which spoils overall homeostasis and even we take regular medications blood glucose level does not goes down.

 

Exercise, nutrition changes, life style management, self-precautionary measures, most importantly, increasing efficiency and health management of liver to avoid extra release of cholesterol, and conscience of imbalances brought about my up and downs made in different parameters of change needed intentionally or unintentionally and simultaneous adjustments is a must.

 

Medicine controls blood glucose level when you exercise, diet, change in life style and follow self-precautionary measures to main overall homeostasis in cognition.

 

Imbalance or misappropriation in controlling and managing factors and parameters may have adverse affects in diabetes management and instead of diabetes level going down will go up inevitably.

 

Inefficiency and deregulation in homeostasis of each and every organ, organs system, muscles tissues and muscle groups will have relational, exponential or cumulative effects on overall homeostasis of body which in turn affects diabetes level directly.

 

So exercising, dieting, maintaining life style, following self-precautionary measures just aid medication. So, all controlling measures without medication and medication without them are worthless.

 

High cholesterol levels, high lipids and fats profile, high glycogen storage, high blood pressure levels, imbalances and weak functioning of organs and organs systems, and muscular atrophy disrupts relative and overall homeostasis and aids the autonomy as a disease.

 

High amino acids and ATP profile will give extra load and effort to muscles tissues and organs and organs systems which in turn disrupts homeostasis.

 

Going through strict routines of exercise, diet and life style management can have negative effects instead so variations is needed with clear conscience of changing circumstances and changing need of improvements.

 

Cholesterol levels rise due to compromise and measures taken for diabetes management and imbalances and misappropriation brought about by it is a most significant factor in increasing blood glucose levels. Increase in cholesterol level is a secondary factor that causes rise in blood glucose levels.

 

Maintaining homeostasis in general for diabetes control and management is not sufficient because relative variations in homeostasis can spoil overall homeostasis in cognition.

 

Disrupting of autonomy of diabetes as a disease is still impossible even we go high or low over exercise, diet, life style management and self-precautionary measures just we can maintain overall homeostasis of body by having greater knowledge and understanding of sciences of anatomy, morphology and philosophy of different muscles tissues, organs and organ systems and their relative-homeostasis. Also, we should pave our own way through instinctive measures of whatsoever is good or bad for us. Diabetes management and control takes time and is possible through progressive improvements and variations in exercises, proper diet plan, balance in life style, and having clear conscience over changing circumstances.

 

Obesity lowers metabolic rate or lowers hunger of cells for glucose intake. Slowly cells become insulin tolerant.

 

Inheritance of genetic disorder or disease like obesity, medical history from ancestors, prevailing medical conditions cause plasma membrane dysfunction, plasma membrane dysfunction brings up cellular dysfunction, cellular dysfunction brings up insulin dysfunction, and insulin dysfunction brings up pancreatic dysfunction. This will initiate dysfunction of other organs and organs systems.

 

Small intestine directly absorbs glucose and sent back unabsorbed glucose to blood stream. Muscles cells use oxygen to convert glucose into energy. Unconverted glucose is stored in muscles tissues, liver and fat tissues as glycogen. Unconverted food into glucose present in excess amount is stored as visceral fat in epidermis of skin.

 

Plasma membrane dysfunction disallows insulin to pass over glucose partially or completely through it to muscles cell for oxidation. This partial or wholesome glucose goes directly to blood stream. This slowly makes cells insulin intolerant and develops insulin resistance. This brings insulin dysfunction. Insulin dysfunction leads to pancreatic dysfunction. Pancreatic dysfunction leads gradual dysfunction of other organs and organs systems.

 

Obese people have low metabolic rate thus store glycogen, fats cells and visceral fat. They have to eat more because they have to feed increasing numbers of adipose cells. They are not physically active so cellular respiration is hampered causing muscles cells not to take enough glucose to convert into energy for normal functioning of body. They also live a sedentary life style. They have very high chance of diabetes because most of glucose is sent to blood stream.

 

Due to cellular dysfunction, when muscles cells receive energy directly from glycogen storage, protein cells and fat cells because metabolic rate of muscles cells has run down and all glucose goes to blood stream, ketones are released as byproducts which are harmful to body if present beyond threshold.

 

When body is in stressful situation or body is in need of more energy and muscles cells have very less amount of glucose receipt, muscles tissues receive energy by catabolism of stored glycogen, protein fibers and stored visceral fats cells. This makes to lose lean muscle mass, lose stored glycogen and lose stored fats. Thus sudden drop of body weight is liable. On other hand, more and more storage of glycogen and visceral fat may lead to obesity.

 

Cellular expenditure of energy increases with exercise so cells take more glucose for oxidation. This makes cells hungry for glucose. Insulin activity increases and insulin resistance decreases with exercise. A1C decreases which is maintained by increase in quantity of counter regulatory hormones which maintain blood glucose level through glycogenesis.

 

In case, when carbohydrates metabolism, protein metabolism and fats metabolism is boosted through modular changes, more glucose is manufactured from food we intake. This will certainly increase blood glucose levels than normal. This is maintained by increase in amount of regulatory hormones basically, insulin. Modular changes decrease insulin resistance and increase insulin activity. This will again drive in more glucose to muscles tissues for oxidation and blood glucose level is again maintained.

 

Glycogen storage decreases, fat is metabolized and lean muscles mass is added up with change in exercise regimen, nutrition regimen and life style regimen.

 

Insulin is a key for shutter opening of plasma membrane of muscles cells to provide glucose to muscles cells for their respiration to release energy for normal body function.

 

Blood stream delivers glucose to different parts of body. Extra glucose from muscle cells is restored as glycogen in muscles tissues, liver and adipose tissues.

 

Metabolic disorder causing diabetes can disrupt shutter opening mechanism of plasma membrane of cells and cells do not receive glucose. This glucose directly goes to blood stream causing high blood glucose levels. Insulin is an aiding hormone for surpassing glucose to cells through plasma membrane. Slowly cells get habitual of not receiving glucose at all or not in enough amounts and this bring up insulin resistance. Insulin resistance after a while causes dysfunction of beta cells to release insulin. Slowly insulin release is hampered. This brings dysfunction of muscles tissues, and organs and organs systems dysfunction. Not enough consumption of glucose by muscles tissues due to insulin inability and resistance brings obesity due to high visceral fat accumulation. This triggers production of high levels of glucagon for glycogenesis which again gives extra load to pancreas and misbalances homeostasis of pancreatic secretions.

In the sense, insulin not only helps in providing glucose to muscles cells but also helps in glucose consumption. Liver, fats cells and muscles tissues store extra glucose in the form of glycogen.

 

Insulin tends to send extra glucose to cells to metabolize for glucose homeostasis. Glucagon converts stored glycogen to glucose and sends directly to blood stream.

 

Metabolic disorders of body cause muscles cells less hunger for glucose or energy. This cause muscles tissues inactivity of conversion of glucose as energy. Since production of glucose is hampered, muscles tissues glycogen storage is heavily boosted.

 

Glucagon affects increases when glycogen storage is boosted. Glucagon and other counter regulatory hormones activate when blood glucose levels drop beyond threshold.

 

When body cannot receive enough energy from cells for proper functioning, the energy compensation runs directly on protein metabolism and/or fat metabolism rather than carbohydrates metabolism. Thus, glycogen storage in muscles tissues, liver, adipose tissues and visceral fat tissues are consumed abruptly causing sudden weight loss and weakness. This also increases ketones in blood stream which is an indicator of diabetes.

 

Modular resuscitation aims at reversing diabetes affects so that autoimmune affect can be restored and blood glucose levels may come to normal.

 

High blood glucose or high A1C is characterized by depressed metabolism and low metabolic rate of muscles cells.

 

Diabetes medicines increase insulin levels. Exercise induces endorphins. Proper diet increases estrogen and testosterone levels.

 

Diabetes Homeostasis is a negative feedback loop in which counter-regulatory hormones especially, glucagon work antagonistically to regulatory hormones especially, to insulin. Homeostasis is a balance between insulin and glucagon levels and their activity.

 

Physiological stress brings up with a disease increase levels of counter-regulatory hormones. Blood pressure increases with exercise which in turn can increase blood glucose levels. Decrease in intake of foods or intermittent dieting may have adverse affect to diabetes due to homeostasis disruption.

 

These may be causes for more glycogen storage and more fat reserve during diabetes leading to obesity:

-          Glucose cannot reach muscles cells,

-          Glucose is not metabolized properly by muscles cells, and

-          More hunger due to increase in adipose tissues and lack of energy of muscles cells for respiration

·         Obesity may be caused due to positive feedback loop between insulin and glucagon during diabetes

This may be a cause for weakness felt due to depletion of glycogen storage of muscles cells, liver and fats cells:

-          Glucagon affect stands more than insulin due to disrupted homeostasis of insulin secretion. Thus, cut-off of glycogen reserves is triggered due to inactivity and insufficiency of insulin

Three factors that affect glucose balance are:

·         Glucose Index: Increase or decrease in blood sugar level per unit volume of blood,

·         Glucose Load: Extravagant amount of blood glucose per unit volume of blood, and

·         Insulin Index: Increase or decrease in insulin level per unit volume of blood

In diabetics, brain sensing or feedback loop of muscles cells and adipose tissues to CNS is low causing obesity, nerves imbalance and fatigueness or low energy level enabling metabolic disorders and genetic diseases in long run.

Factors causing diabetes with time are:

Ethnicity,

Age,

Obesity,

Genetics,

Medical History,

Past Injury, and

Medications

 

Diabetes is a disorder or condition in which food is not sufficiently oxidized into glucose or energy by muscles tissues due to metabolic disorder or homeostasis imbalance caused by insulin intolerance, high amount of visceral fat triggering glycogenesis rather than glucogenesis due to imbalance in pancreatic secretions of insulin and glucagon from beta and alfa cells causing pancreatic hormonal homeostasis imbalance triggering insulin inactivity. Beta cells get damaged and cannot produce insulin.

 

Diabetes autoimmune is an autoimmune attack due to disruption of glucose metabolism or glucose homeostasis. It is a degeneration affect which ruins health of any part(s) or organ(s) of body or overall health of body cumulatively, bringing physical, mental and emotional complications in short run and bringing metabolic changes causing genetic disorders in long run. Diabetes autoimmune can cause organ dysfunction and failure in long run. Thus, it is a measure cause of death from diabetes.

Autoimmune in diabetes is caused by malfunction, dysfunction or fault inside the body due to homeostasis imbalance, pathogenic effects, sedentary life style, over nutrition or under nutrition, less or weak sleep, physical inactivity, prevailing medical conditions, disorders, and genetics.

 

There are three types of Homeostasis: Normal, Diabetic and Disruptive. Disruptive Homeostasis aids Diabetic Autonomy.

 

Homeostasis maintained through exercise, nutrition, and life style management change attributes is inversely proportional to A1C levels. A1C level should go down when strict regimens of exercise, nutrition and life style is undertaken and its liable that A1C level goes up normally when above regimens are compromised.

 

Diabetes Autonomy is a diseased level of glucose metabolism or disrupted glucose homeostasis causing diabetes.

Diabetes autonomy means blood glucose levels remain up the threshold margin in each and every sample(s).

-          Disallows opening of shutter of plasma membrane,

-          Overloads insulin activity and enhances glycogen storage,

-          Dysfunction insulin activity,

-          Cause insulin resistance,

-          Hamper insulin secretion,

-          Damage beta cells,

-          Cellular respiration is hampered leading muscles dysfunction, and

-          Toxic wastes or ketones accumulate from muscles cells cause energy is restored from protein and/or fat metabolism(s) as carbohydrate metabolism is disrupted

Until and unless diabetes homeostasis is not normalized, diabetes autonomy is maintained. Diabetes Homeostasis can be normalized through modular resuscitation. Influential changes and chances of adherences disrupt diabetes autonomy and normalize glucose metabolism and homeostasis.

 

During modular resuscitation, increased blood or decreased glucose levels (A1C) should be maintained by antagonist affects of regulatory and counter regulatory hormones. When diabetes autonomy is on run to some level, homeostasis is maintained by insulin and glucagon. Glucagon will influence more when blood glucose level is low during influential changes and insulin will influence more when blood glucose level is high during influential changes (influential changes and adherences maintained through sustainable exercises, sustainable nutrition and sustainable life style).

 

Moderate weight moderate intensity circuits of compound exercises and compound movements with aerobic or cardio exercises, flexibility or stretching exercises, strength or weight training, mobility exercises and mostly resistance training for decreasing insulin resistance by muscles cells, liver, fat cells and other parts of the body. Normal rest periods between sets are recommended.

 

·         Limit sedentary activities such as television or computer time,

·         Do stretching exercise, or leg lifts while watching TV,

·         Take the stairs,

·         Get off the elevator one flight away from your destination and walk up the last flight,

·         Do errands by food or bicycle,

·         Park your car at the far side of the parking lot,

·         Get off the bus one stop away from your destination, and walk the rest of the way,

·         Take an after-dinner walk with family or friends,

·         Spend part of your lunch hour walking,

·         Walk around the perimeter of the mall before shopping, and

·         Schedule family time doings something active

 

Insulin and Glucagon: Hormonal Elements Regulation  

ANS and CNS: Neural Regulation      

Right M & E of exercise module, nutrition module and life style module lowers effects of counter regulatory hormones and increases effects of regulatory hormones that help in normalizing hbAC1 levels.